The subphylum Hexapoda – ‘six legs’ in Greek – comprises the crown group, the class Insecta (true insects), as well as the much smaller class Entognatha, which includes three groups of wingless arthropods once considered insects : Collembola (springtails), Protura (coneheads) and Diplura (two-pronged bristletails).
Hexapods are named for their most distinctive feature : a three-part body plan with a distinct head, a thorax bearing three pairs of legs, usually one or two pairs of wings, and a limbless, segmented abdomen.
They are abundant in terrestrial and freshwater habitats, where they are important pollinators, basal consumer, scavengers, detritivores and micropredators. Remarkably few occur in the sea and they are listed here.
